Rigid type sheet material awning



Feb.

v*Filed June 15, 194e RIGIDTYPE SHEET MATERIAL AWNING 4 sheets-sheet 1 mf mm I x mmlumm j Fel 20; 179-51 D. J. FREEMAN l A l RIGID TYPE SHEET MATERIAL AWNING Filed June 13. 194s 4 sheets-speer 2 u uuuuuu uuuuuuuu M f uu" uuuuuuuuuuu uuuuuu'u'u I u veu tor zlvfj/ Jwman Feb. 20,4 1951` v y DJJ. FREEMAN vRIGID '.WPE1`SHEE'L- MATERIAL AwNING 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jupe 1.5, 194e Inventor Feb. 2.0,-1951l b. J. FREEMAN n 2,542,919

RIGID TYPE SHEET MATERIAL AWNING` Filed June 13. 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 17 www/m Patented Feb. 20, 1951 mom ma snaar Mmmm AwmNG Dewey J. Freeman, Houma, La.,

assignor of eighty-live per cent to Lionel Babin and fifteen per cent to Dudley Melancon, both of Houma,

Application June 13, 1946, Serial No. 676,457

(Ci. 2li-57.5)

14 Claims.

'I'his invention relates to awnings such as are primarily used exterlorly on buildings and in connection with windows, porches and the like and has reference in particular to a rigid type awning construction characterized by a fixedly mounted attaching and supporting frame and a covering therefor, the latter constructed from substantially rigid sheet material such as for instance sheet metal or appropriate plastic materials.

More specifically, the invention comprehends the provision of a rigid type ventilated awning wherein the covering or roof of the awning is fashioned from prefabricated complemental members corelated and assembled to provide an outwardly and downwardly inclined roof with vertically disposed ends, said roof and ends being constructed and arranged to provide proper shedding of snow or rain and permitting effective ventilation through the material of the awning.

A meritorious feature of the invention resides in the provision of a rigid awning structure in which all of the parts and members which constitute the frame and the roof and ends are such as to enable the same to be assembled in a pieceby-piece manner and to be interconnected in such a manner as to obviate the necessity oi' employing screws and equivalent fasteners for securing the various members together. Thus, after a supporting frame has been mounted upon the supporting surface, such as the vertical wall of a building or the like, the complemental members forming the roof and sides of the awning may be quickly and progressively assembled. This method f assembly and the structure permitting the same thus facilitates the assembly and installation of comparatively large awnings and permits their assembly and erection on bulldings from the top of ladders or scaffolds instead oi necessitating their assembly upon the ground and being thereafter carried up the ladder or scaffold and hung as a unit.

Another feature of the invention resides in the provision of a simple supporting frame, in conjunction with a complemental flashing, a roof and side members for the frame, which substantially encloses the same, and wherein the insertable and removable members making up the roof are detachably connectible with the flashing for anchorage and maintenance at their upper ends, and being slidably keyed to each other and upon the frame by properly arranged and constructed keying clips.

A very important object of the invention is to provide an improved fastener in the form of a keying clip for rigidly but removably securing complemental panels of channel-shaped configuration together to form a rigid roof.' for ventilated metal awnings; which key is so shaped as to enable the same to be retained in the complemental panels and wherein the key is adapted for adjustable attachment to the supporting framework for securing the panels thereto.

These, together with various ancillary features and objects of the invention, which will later become apparent as the following description proceeds, are attained by the present invention, preferred embodiments of which have been illustrated, by way of example only, in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a front elevational View of an awning incorporating therein the principles of this invention;

Figure 2 is an end elevational view of the same;

Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view taken substantially upon the plane indicated by the section line 3--3 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is an elevational ViewI of the embodim ment of Figure 1, taken from the rear thereof;

Figure 5 is a vertical transverse sectional de tail view taken upon an enlarged scale substantially upon the plane indicated by the section line 5--5 of Figure l, parts being broken away;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating certain details of the fastening clip construction on the gutter members:

Figure 7 is a horizontal sectional detail View taken substantially upon the plane indicated by the section line 'i-l of Figure 1;

Figure 8 is a perspective view of the supporting frame of the awning, the roof panel and ends being removed therefrom; a

Figure 9 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken substantially on the plane indicated by the section line 9--9 of Figure 3;

Figure 10 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view taken substantially upon the plane indicated by the section line lil-I0 of Figure 4 and line iil--i Il of Figure 9;

Figure 11 is a vertical transverse sectional detail view taken substantially upon the plane indicated by the section line i I--ll of Figure 2;

Figure l2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional detail view taken substantially upon the plane indicated by the section line |2-I2 of Figure 1;

Figure 13 is a vertical transverse sectional detail view of the modified interlocking connection and seam between a modied form of side member of the awning and a louver of the same;

Figuren 1s a view similar to Figure 1s but showing the parts in their assembled relation;

Figure is a vertical sectional view through the keying clip forming an essential part ofthe invention, taken substantially upon the plane indicated by the section line i5-I5 of Figure 5;

Figure 16 is a perspective detail view showing a modified construction of the apron or skirt end of one of the roof members; and

Figure 17 is a perspective view oi' one of the key members.

Referring now more specifically to the accompanylng drawings, wherein like numerals designate similar parts throughout the various views. attention is directed iirst to Figure 8 'wherein the numeral i9 designates generally the supporting frame of the awning. This frame includes a pair of duplicate, horizontally disposed frame elements 20 of suitable material which are provided at their inner ends with apertured attaching ears 2l adapted to be secured to the Wall or other supporting surface, as suggested inFlgures 2 andl 3. The elements 20 are further provided with outstanding lateral flanges longitudinally notched in saw-tooth fashion to provide lugs 22 having inclined louver-supportlng and canting edges 23.

The upper portion of the supporting frame includes a flashing 24, the details of which are shown in Figure 12 and hereinafter are more fully described. The flashing is secured to the building wall or other supporting surface W, see Figures 2, 3 and 12, in a rigid but readily attached or removed manner as set forth hereinafter.

'Ihe iiashing is disposed in a horizontal position and spans the upper adjacent end portions ism and together with the central body portion or bottom wall 33 deiine longitudinal channels acting as gutters to receive and discharge water or the like falling upon the awning.

of the downwardly and outwardly inclined frame the inclined frame elements 25 and is channel-` shaped in cross-section as shown in Figure l5. The stringer is provided at longitudinally spaced points with detachable fasteners in the form of key members 29 of generally T-shaped configuration. These key members. also referred to hereinafter as clips, may be integral with the stringer but are usually separable, each having a grip portion 30 attached to one flange of the yStringer as shown in Figures 5 and 15.

From the supporting framework of the awning is mounted the roof construction and the end y panels to provide a canopy-like enclosure adapted to shed water from the same. The roof construction consists of first and second sets of panels, constituting, respectively, caps or shields and drainage gutters. The panels of each set arel gated body portions of these panels, and define The walls 34 are fashioned with lateral lnturned iianges 35. At their lower ends, the vpanels 32 are bent downwardly as shown to provide end portions 36, see Figure 6, particularly, which constitute apron or skirt portions.

L-shaped detents, indicated at 31, are riveted to the longitudinal walls 34 and havebendable detents or ngers 38. v

The upper or inner ends of the panels 32 are provided with a slip joint connection with coacting portions of the ashing 24. As shown in Figure 12, the walls 34 at their upper ends have clearance notches 39 associated with interlocking tongues 40. The tongues, in turn, are provided with bends constituting assembling and retention beads 4|. l The beaded tongues slip into the keeper seam 42 provided by a bent under iiange 43 upon the liashing 24,*this iiange being constituted by a return bend 44 of the principal flange 45. Thus, the keeper seam 42 is substantially U-shaped in cross-section and is provided with a seat 46 to accommodate the beads 4| and has an inbent terminal 41 to provide a stop shoulder for engaging and retaining the beads in the keeper seam.

The horizontally extending central portion 48 of the flashing is fastened, as at 49, to the wall W.

The fiasvhing 24 further provides a companion top iiange 50 having a return bend 5i providing a ange 52 which constitutes part of theupper seam 53. The terminal 54 also constitutes a stop shoulder for' receiving and retaining the retention bead 55 provided on the interlocking tongue 56 on the adjacent upper end portion of the panel of the rst set or cap member 51.

The panels 51 are of identical construction with the panels 32 except that they are inverted and are adapted to function as caps or shields for the adjacent walls 34 and spaces between the set of panels 32.

The upper, overlyingpanels 51 of the rst set include side walls 58 which depend from the elontherewith channel members. The bottom edges of the side walls 58 are in turn provided with inturned portions to provide lateral iianges 59. The side walls are notched, as at 60, to constitute the slip joint connection between the top panels 51 and the flashing 24.

Any suitable caulklng compound, as indicated at 6I, may be provided for waterproofing the space between the flashing and the wall W.

The slip joint seam connection between the bottom panels 32 and the flashing 24 provides disposed in laterally spaced relation with the cross-sectionhaving a iiat elongated body portion with longitudinal walls extending along the edges of the same which define longitudinal channels. The body portion or bottom wall of the panels 32 are indicated by the numeral 33, while the longi- Atudinal walls are shown at 34. The central body portion or bottom wall 33 serves as a drainage 75 an essential means for assembling and holding the members 32 in place on the frame structure. The above mentioned key members 29 serve to partly maintain the cap or upper panels 51 upon the frame structure and the slip joint and seam connection at the top further assist. Thus, the cap sections are held in place at their upper ends and also at their lower ends, the upper ends being attached to the iiashing and the lower ends to the frame. purposes of interlocking the panels 32 and 51 to each other.-

When the members 32 and 51 are brought to- The detents 38 are utilized for v andere gether in assembled roof forming relationship, as shown in Figure 7, the tongues 38 are then bent out and clenched tightly against the side walls 58 of the upper panels 51, properly securing all of the members upon the frame. In order to remove the cap or upper member 5l, it is necessary to release the detents 38 by bending the same from the full line position shown in Figure 7 to the dotted line positions shown in Figure 6. It will .be noted that the outer lower bent ends 62 of the top panels coact with the bent ends 33 of the lower panels to form the skirt or apron arrangement of the awning brought out in Figures 13.

Referring -now more specifically to Figure 17 and also to Figure 5, it willbe observed that the T-shaped key members 29 are constructed from plate or sheet material and have a stem 3| of a width equal to the spacing between adjacent panels 32. From its upper portion, the stem 3| has laterally extending arm portions 3|a from opposite sides of the same, which, upon their under surfaces, are recessed or cut away in the form of a vertical notch 3|b where they join the stem portion. Thus, a pair of grooves, notches or channels is provided in the under surface of the arm portions of the key members. These grooves or notches serve to receive and embrace the latterally inturned flanges 35 at the upper ends of the side walls 34 of adjacent panels 32. Thus, as shown in Figure 5, the stem 3| spaces the adjacent side walls 34 ofadjacent panels 32, while the inverted upper set of panels 51 embrace the lateral portions or arms 3Ia, the latter thus serving to space both vertically and laterally the two sets of panels. Moreover, it will be seen that l the inwardly turned flanges 59, at the lower ends of the upper set of panels, underlie and engage the under surface of the lateral arm portions 3|a to establish a securegseating engagement therewith, thereby preventing relative vertical movement between the upper and lower sets of panels while permitting relative `sliding movement therebetween.

It will be further noted that the upper edges of the lateral arm portions 3l a are bevelled or inclined, as at 3Ic. l

The previously mentioned grip portion 3|! of the key members consists of parallel portions I3|la and 30h which are adapted to embrace therebetween a flange of the cross-piece or Stringer 23.

All of the upper panels 51 are of the same construction as the lower panels 32. However, the two end panels of the lower panels, indicated at 32a, instead of having parallel gutter-forming side walls on opposite longitudinal edges thereof, have their outer edges depending to form edging flanges 63.l i

Attention is now directed to the vertical end walls completing the covering of the awning frame. These end walls comprise slats of sheet metal or louvers, which are denoted bythe numeral 64, see Figure 9, each louver having laterally disposed, vertically extending reinforcing reads 65 upon opposite edges of the same. The interior sides of the louvers are provided with suitably constructed keepers or grips 66 which frictionally and releasably engage the assembling and canting lugs 22.

Inclined edges 23 on the lugs 22 serve `to tilt vor cant the louvers so that the resepctive louvers are spaced apart at proper angles for effectively shedding rain and snow, but at the-same time permitting effective ventilation. The upper ends of the louvers, directly beneath the roof, are bent at proper angles and are transversely and obliquely cut, as indicated at 61, these ends having beads 68 which serve as detents to fit into clamping and assembling seams, as shown in Figure 11. The seam is generally denoted by the numeral 69, terminating in an abutment or stop shoulder for the beads 63. As shown in Figure '11. the

40 in the keeper seam' 42 along the lower or under side portion of the flashing, the member resting transversely on the stringer 28. The next adjacent upper or cap panel 5" is slipped into place endwise onto one of the keys and is interlocked with the key member to the stringer. This causes the adjacent longitudinal edge portions of the respective members t0 overlap as shown to the left in Figure 5, this overlapping serving to provide the desired degree in the overhanging. thereby promoting effective ventilation in the roof structure, while at the same time insuring proper water drainage. The tongue on the upper end of the top panel 5l is releasably fastened in the seam in the upper portion of the flashing 24.

InA assembling the awning, the supporting framework is suitably assembled and erected or y installed upon a building, and the key members are attached to thev Stringer or cross member 48. At this time, the flashing unit is attached to the building in proper place, as suggested in Figures 8 and 12. 'Ihe upper and lower sets of panels are then slid upwardly from the lower end of the lsupporting framework, the appropriate channel members being longitudinally, slidably engaged with the corresponding portions of the key members, until the tongue and groove connections of the upper ends of these channel members are secured in the corresponding sockets or seams of the flashing unit. At this time, it will be seen that the panels are retained by their tongue and groove connection against withdrawal; while the key members serve to properly space the panels relative to each other and to fasten them' to the Stringer.

When the members have been progressively assembled, as set forth above, a screwdriver or the `like may be inserted endwise into the depending portions 36 and 62 of the panels 32 and 51 and the retaining tongues or detents 38 may then be bent against the side walls of the upper panels tofasten the same frictionally in place, as shown in Figure 7. It will be apparent, therefore, that the bottom panels 32 simply rest upon the cross-piece or Stringer 28 with their upper ends in quick, detachable interconnection with the lower seam of the flashing, while the top panels are fastened to the upper seam of the flashing at their upper ends and are secured at their lower ends to the Stringer 28 and to the lower panels by the key as shown in Figures 9 and 10. It isv evident, therefore, that the'louvers, as well as the roof can be put in place one element at a time after the frame is nailed or otherwise secured to the wall.

Figure I6 shows a modified form of detent means on the bottom panels 32 for coaction with the top panels. Thus,vintegral detent fingers or clips 38a are struck out from the sidewalls 34 instead of providing separate clips riveted to the side walls, as set forth in connection with the previous embodiment. Otherwise, the construction and operation of this form of detent is identical with that previously described.

As shown in Figure 15, the key members 29 have their parallel portions 30a and 30h of the grip portion 30 slidably embracing the upper horizontal flange of the cross-piece or stringer 28, whereby the key members may be adjustably positioned longitudinally of the Stringer.

As shown in Figures 13 and 14, a modified construction is provided for detachably securing the louvers to the frame elements. Thus, the frame elements 25a, having horizontal bottom flanges 26a, have their upper ends angularly disposed and inturned, as at 1I, to receive the retaining elements 12 laterally bent from the upper deflected end portions 13 of a modified louver 14.

1 claim:

1. A ventilated awning construction comprising rst and secondsets of panels, each panel having an elongated body portion with longitudinal walls defining longitudinal channels with said body portion, the walls -having lateral flanges overlyingv said body portion, key members detachably securing said sets of panels together in spaced relation, the panels of the first set overlying the panels of the second set, the adjacent edges of the body portions of overlying panels lbeing spaced both laterally and vertically, each key member yhaving its upper portion extending above the walls of the panels of the second set and beingV of less length than said channels to provide air flow passages between said panels and having a stem positioned between and spacing the adjacent walls of panels of said second set, said stem having lateral portions overhanging said adjacent walls and received in the channels and engaging the walls and flanges of panelsof the rst set to prevent lateral and vertical displacement of said panels.

2. 'A ventilated awning construction comprising first and second sets of panels, each panel having an elongated body portion with longitudinal walls defining longitudinal channels with said body portion, the walls having lateral flanges overlying said body portion, key members detachably securing said setsof panels together in spaced relation, the panels of the first set overlying the panels of the second set, the adjacent edges of the body portions of overlying panels being spaced `both laterally and vertically, each key member having its upper portion extending above the walls of the panels of the second set and being 3. A ventilated awning construction comprising rst and second sets of panels, each panel having an velongated body portion with longitudinal walls defining longitudinal channels with said body portion, the walls having lateral flanges overlying said body portion, key members detachably securing said sets of vpanels together in spaced relation, the panels of the first set overlying the panels of the second set, the adjacent edges of the body portions of overlying panels being spaced both laterally and vertically, each key member having its upper portion extending above the walls of the panels of the second set and being of less length than said channels to provide air flow passages between said panels and having a stem positioned between and spacing the adjacent walls of panels of said second set, said stem having lateral portions overhanging. said adjacent walls and received in the channels and engaging the walls and flanges of panels of the flrst set to preventlateral and vertical displacement of said panels, the lower surface of said lateral portions being notched to receive the lateral flanges on the second set of panels.

4. A ventilated awning construction comprising first and second sets of panels, each panel having an elongated body portion with longitudinal walls defining longitudinalchannels with said body portion, the walls having lateral anges overlying said body portion, key members detachably securing said sets of panels together in spaced relation, the panels of the first set overlying the panels of the second set, the adjacent edges of thebody portions o1' overlying panels being spaced both laterally and vertically, each key member having its upper portion extending abovethe walls of the panels of the second set and being of less length thanrsaid channels to provide air ilow passages between said panels and having a stem positioned between and spacing the adjacent walls of panels of said second set,

, said stem having lateral portions overhanging of less length than saidchannels to provide air flow passages between said panels and having a stem vpositioned between and spacing the adjacent walls of panels of said second set, said stern said adjacent walls and received1in the channels and engaging the walls and flanges of panels v of the first set to prevent lateral and verticalV displacement of said panels, the lateral flanges` on the upper set of panels being engaged beneath the lower surface of said lateral portions.

5. A ventilated awning construction comprisably securing said sets of panels .togetherfin spaced relation, the panels of the first set overlying the panels of the second set, the adjacent edges of the body portions of overlying panels being spaced both laterally and vertically, each key member havingy its upper portion extending above the walls of the panels of the second set and being of less length thansaid channels to provide air' i'iow passages between said panels and having a stem positioned between and spacing the adjacent walls of panels of vsaid second set, said stem having lateral portions overhanging said adjacent walls and received in the channels,

and engaging the walls .and flanges of panels of the rst set to prevent lateral and vertical displacement of said panels, the lower surface of said lateral portions being notched to receive the lateral anges on the second set of panels, the lateral anges on the upper set of panels being engaged beneath the lower surface of said lateral portions. the adjacent edges of the lateral flanges of adjacentv panels` of said nrst and second sets being maintained in laterally spaced relation by said lateral portions and said notches.

6. A ventilated awning construction comprising iirst and second sets of panels, each panel having an elongated' body portion with longitudinal walls defining longitudinal channels with said body portion, the walls having lateral flanges overlying said body portion, key members detachably securing said sets of panels together in spaced relation, the panels of the rst set overlying the panels of the second set, the adjacent edges of the body portions of overlying panels being spaced both laterally and vertically, each key member having its upper portion extending above the walls of the panels of the second set and being of less length than said channels to provide air flow passages between said panels and having a stem positioned between and spacing the adjacent walls of panels of said second set, said stem having lateral portions overhanging said adjacent walls and received in the channels and engaging the walls and flanges of panels of the first set to prevent lateral and vertical displacement of said panels, the lower surface of said lateral portions being notched to receive the lateral fianges on the second set of panels, the lateral flanges on the upper set of panels being engaged beneath the lower surface of said lateral portions, the adjacent edges of the lateral anges of adjacent panels of said rst and second sets being maintained in laterally and vertically spaced relation by said lateral portions and said notches.

7. A ventilated awning construction comprising rst and second sets of panels, each panel having an elongated body portion with longitudinal walls deiining longitudinal channels with said body portion, the walls having lateral iianges overlying said body portion, key members detachably securing said sets of panels together in spaced relation, the panels of the first set overlying the panels of the second set, the adjacent edges of the body portions of overlying panels being spaced both laterally and vertically, each key member having its upper portion extending above the Walls of the panels of the second set and being of less length than said channels to provide air liow passages between said panels and having a stem positioned between and spacing the adjacent walls of panels of said second set, said stem having lateral portions overhanging said adjacent walls and received in the channels and engaging the walls and anges of panels of the first set to prevent lateral and vertical displacement of said panels, said lateral portions having inclined portions at their outer ends.

8. A ventilated awning construction comprising first and` second sets of panels, each panel having an elongated body portion with longitudinal walls dening longitudinal channels with said body portion, the walls having lateral flanges overlying said body portion, key' members detachably securing said sets of panels together in spaced relation, the panels of the first set overlying the panels of the second set, the adjacent edges of the body portions of overlying panels being spaced both laterally and vertically, each key member having its upper portion extending above the walls of the panels of the second set and being of less length than said channels to provide air iiow passages between said panels and having a stem positioned -`etween and spacing the adjacent walls of panels of said second set, said stem having lateral portions overhanging said adjacent walls and received in the channels and engaging the walls and anges of panels of the rst set to prevent lateral and vertical displacement of said panels, said stems being of greater height than that of said walls to vertically space the sets of panels from each other.

9. A ventilated awning construction comprising iirst and second sets of panels, each panel having an elongated body portion with longitudinal walls defining longitudinal channels with said body portion, the walls having lateral anges overlying said body portion, key members detachably securing said sets of panels together in spaced relation, the panels of the iirst set overlying the panels of the second set, the adjacent edges of the body portions of overlying panels being spaced both laterally and vertically, each key member having its upper portion extending above the walls ofthe panels of the second set and being of less length than said channels to provide air flow passages between said panels and having a stern positioned between and spacing the adjacent Walls of panels of said second set, said stem having lateral portions overhanging said adjacent walls and received in the channels and engaging the walls and flanges of panels of the rst set to prevent lateral and vertical displacement of said panels, said awning including a cross-bar extending transversely of said panels, fastening means securing said stern of each key member to said cross-bar, said fastening means being mounted on said cross-bar for sliding movement thereon.

10. A ventilated awning construction comprising iirst and second vsets of pahels, each panel having an elongated body portion with longitudinal walls defining longitudinal channels with said body portion, the walls having lateral flanges overlying said body portion, key members detachably securing said sets of panels together in spaced relation, the panels of the iirst set overlying the panels of the second set, the adjacent edges of the body portions of overlying panels being spaced both laterally and vertically, each key member having its upper portion extending above the walls of the panels of the second set and being of less length than said channels to provide air flow passages between said panels and having a stem positioned between and spacing the adjacent walls of panels of said second set, said stem having lateral portions overhanging said adjacent walls and received in the channels and engaging the walls and flanges of panels of the first set to prevent lateral and vertical displacement of said panels, said awning including a cross-bar having a ange, said cross-bar extending transversely of said panels, fastening means securing said stem of each key member to said cross-bar, said fastening means including a pair of parallel portions embracing the fiange on said cross-bar.

11. In a rigid awning, a first and second set of elongated awning surface panels, the panels having angular walls formed on their marginal edges and the walls of the panels of the iirstset having lateral inwardly directed anges, the panels of the iirst set being inverted and. overlapping the panels of the second set, laterally extending clips on the inner surfaces of the walls of the panels of the second set, said clips being bendable for angular positioning and being seated on the iianges on the walls of the panels of the first set.

12. In a rigid awning construction, a rst and second set of elongated fiat awning surface panels,

1l v the marginal edges of the panels having parallel vtherefrom and seating on the flanges on the walls of the panels of the nrst set.

13. The combination of claim 12, wherein said members are inwardly struck from the walls of the panels and are bendable for angular positioning with respect to the walls.

14. The combination oi' claim 12, wherein said members include angle clips secured at one end to the inner surface of the walls, said clips being bendable for angular positioning with respect to the walls. y

DEWEY J. FREEMAN.

REFERENCES CITED Number Number 12 UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Hayman Sept. 24, 1929 Houseman Jan. 10, 1939 Helliwell Jan. 18, 1887 Geiger et al. June 2, 1891 Flatau Apr. 16, 1895 Hooper Nov. 29. 1898 Bloss et al Feb. 21, 1928 Moser' Oct. 17, 1933 Jenkins June 19, 1934 Holub Oct. 23, 1934 Davis Nov. 14, 1939 Anschicks Feb. 6. 1940 Kuhn et al Aug. 5, 1941 Crawford Sept. 23. 1941 Booth July 31, 1945 Harrison et al June 8, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date France Jan. 9, 1935 

